▼ 6 p.p.
vs 2020/21 season
We identified 173 real signings for the first-team squad — academy promotions, loan returns and transfers that never went through are excluded. 4 youth investments (under-23) are classified separately. This edition introduces the adjusted hit rate, which statistically weights clubs with few signings to avoid small-sample distortions.
Club Ranking
| Club | League pos. | Signings | Evaluated |
Successful | Fair | Unsuccessful | Raw % | Adjusted % |
|---|
| 1 | Nice | 4º | 8 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 71% | 53% |
| 2 | Rennes | 5º | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 58% | 46% |
| 3 | Bordeaux | 20º | 14 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 50% | 45% |
| 4 | Angers | 14º | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 67% | 45% |
| 5 | Paris Saint Germain | 1º | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 50% | 42% |
| 6 | Lens | 8º | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 50% | 42% |
| 7 | Monaco | 3º | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 50% | 42% |
| 8 | Strasbourg | 6º | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 50% | 42% |
| 9 | Estac Troyes | 15º | 29 | 28 | 9 | 6 | 13 | 43% | 41% |
| 10 | Montpellier | 13º | 6 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 42% | 39% |
| 11 | Reims | 12º | 6 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 42% | 39% |
| 12 | Marseille | 2º | 10 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 40% | 38% |
| 13 | Clermont Foot | 17º | 19 | 19 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 37% | 37% |
| 14 | Stade Brestois 29 | 11º | 7 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 33% | 35% |
| 15 | Saint Etienne | 18º | 6 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 25% | 31% |
| 16 | Lyon | 7º | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 21% | 29% |
| 17 | Nantes | 9º | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 12% | 28% |
| 18 | Metz | 19º | 10 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 20% | 27% |
| 19 | Lorient | 16º | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0% | 26% |
| 20 | Lille | 10º | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0% | 24% |
| 21 | Auxerre | 21º | 10 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0% | 17% |
The Adjusted % applies Bayesian weighting toward the league average (36%), proportional to the volume of signings — the ranking's official order.
Hit rate by transfer window
| Window | Signings | Hit rate % |
|---|
| Start-of-season window (Dec-Apr) | 76 | 36% |
| Mid-year window (May-Aug) | 97 | 38% |
Season Highlights
| Player | Club | Pos | Min | G+A | Nota | Rating |
|---|
| Gaëtan Laborde | Rennes | F | 2739 | 12+8 | 7.10 | Excellent |
| Andy Delort | Nice | F | 2447 | 16+2 | 7.25 | Excellent |
| Lionel Messi | Paris Saint Germain | F | 2152 | 6+13 | 7.72 | Excellent |
| Lovro Majer | Rennes | M | 1838 | 6+8 | 7.15 | Excellent |
| Florian Tardieu | Estac Troyes | M | 2631 | 4+2 | 7.27 | Excellent |
| Achraf Hakimi | Paris Saint Germain | D | 2490 | 4+6 | 6.94 | Excellent |
Methodology
Each evaluated signing is classified into five tiers from a score that combines match ratings, attacking output adjusted for game time, collective contribution and consistency, in comparison with the other players in the competition. Successful signings count as a full point; Fair ones, half a point. Signings without relevant game time are unsuccessful, except for youth investments (under-23) and serious, documented injuries.
Appendix — Signings by club
* Youth investment (under-23, no game time) — outside the calculation.
Angers (3 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Batista Mendy | 36 | 2416 | 1 | 1 | Fair |
| Azzedine Ounahi | 33 | 1634 | 2 | 1 | Fair |
| Nabil Bentaleb | 18 | 1521 | 1 | 0 | Good |
Auxerre (10 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Jubal | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Donovan Leon | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Carlens Arcus | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Gaëtan Charbonnier | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Mathias Autret | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Théo Pellenard | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Gauthier Hein | 1 | 85 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Gaëtan Perrin | 1 | 28 | 1 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Alexis Trouillet * | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | Investment |
| Gautier Lloris | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Bordeaux (14 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Ricardo Mangas | 32 | 2361 | 3 | 1 | Fair |
| Stian Gregersen | 25 | 1963 | 1 | 1 | Fair |
| Jean Onana | 24 | 1845 | 3 | 2 | Good |
| Javairô Dilrosun | 34 | 1732 | 2 | 6 | Good |
| Timothée Pembélé | 28 | 1425 | 1 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Alberth Elis | 21 | 1414 | 9 | 1 | Good |
| Anel Ahmedhodžić | 15 | 1350 | 0 | 1 | Good |
| Josuha Guilavogui | 15 | 1332 | 1 | 1 | Good |
| Fransérgio | 34 | 1259 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Gideon Mensah | 30 | 1212 | 0 | 2 | Below expectations |
| Marcelo | 12 | 902 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| M'Baye Niang | 26 | 772 | 3 | 1 | Fair |
| Danylo Ihnatenko | 12 | 694 | 0 | 3 | Fair |
| Abdel Medioub | 28 | 621 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Clermont Foot (19 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Akim Zedadka | 38 | 3338 | 0 | 3 | Good |
| Vital Nsimba | 34 | 2791 | 1 | 3 | Good |
| Johan Gastien | 32 | 2752 | 0 | 1 | Good |
| Florent Ogier | 35 | 2434 | 1 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Cédric Hountondji | 23 | 2035 | 1 | 0 | Fair |
| Jodel Dossou | 37 | 2021 | 3 | 1 | Fair |
| Elbasan Rashani | 29 | 1775 | 8 | 3 | Excellent |
| Jason Berthomier | 30 | 1749 | 1 | 5 | Good |
| Jim Allevinah | 31 | 1481 | 1 | 2 | Fair |
| Arthur Desmas | 31 | 1305 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Jean Claude Billong | 25 | 981 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Saîf-Eddine Khaoui | 26 | 928 | 1 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Lucas Da Cunha | 15 | 843 | 2 | 0 | Fair |
| Arial Mendy | 36 | 803 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Jonathan Iglesias | 18 | 585 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Pierre-Yves Hamel | 22 | 533 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Jordan Tell | 19 | 290 | 1 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Oriol Busquets | 27 | 207 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Cem Türkmen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Estac Troyes (29 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Rominigue Kouamé | 35 | 2975 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Gauthier Gallon | 31 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | Good |
| Xavier Chavalerin | 34 | 2723 | 5 | 2 | Excellent |
| Yoann Salmier | 31 | 2670 | 0 | 1 | Good |
| Florian Tardieu | 30 | 2631 | 4 | 2 | Excellent |
| Giulian Biancone | 33 | 2291 | 1 | 2 | Good |
| Issa Kaboré | 32 | 2260 | 0 | 1 | Fair |
| Renaud Ripart | 29 | 1906 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Mama Baldé | 30 | 1723 | 3 | 2 | Good |
| Jimmy Giraudon | 21 | 1620 | 0 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Yoann Touzghar | 29 | 1459 | 4 | 0 | Good |
| Abdu Conte | 17 | 1357 | 0 | 1 | Fair |
| Adil Rami | 19 | 1178 | 3 | 0 | Fair |
| Oualid El Hajjam | 32 | 1073 | 1 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Tristan Dingome | 28 | 1073 | 2 | 4 | Fair |
| Youssouf Koné | 26 | 984 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Gerson Rodrigues | 13 | 848 | 1 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Ike Ugbo | 15 | 820 | 5 | 0 | Fair |
| Dylan Chambost | 38 | 756 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Jessy Moulin | 26 | 630 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Lebo Mothiba | 13 | 520 | 2 | 0 | Fair |
| Karim Azamoum | 7 | 387 | 0 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Hyun-Jun Suk | 11 | 144 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Nassim Chadli | 19 | 107 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Philippe Sandler | 2 | 70 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Levi Lumeka | 10 | 67 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Mykola Kukharevych | 4 | 22 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Patrick Roberts | 6 | 14 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Luka Ilić * | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Investment |
Lens (5 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Kevin Danso | 35 | 2803 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Przemysław Frankowski | 37 | 2457 | 6 | 5 | Good |
| Wesley Saïd | 24 | 648 | 5 | 0 | Fair |
| Deiver Machado | 28 | 550 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Samba Sow | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Lille (4 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Ivo Grbić | 32 | 1890 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Gabriel Gudmundsson | 32 | 1350 | 1 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Edon Zhegrova | 17 | 484 | 2 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Hatem Ben Arfa | 9 | 317 | 0 | 1 | Below expectations |
Lorient (3 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Igor Silva | 38 | 1589 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Moritz Jenz | 25 | 1384 | 1 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Bonke Innocent | 15 | 878 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Lyon (7 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Emerson Palmieri | 33 | 2267 | 1 | 2 | Fair |
| Jérôme Boateng | 28 | 1630 | 0 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Damien Da Silva | 32 | 1126 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Henrique | 35 | 1103 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Romain Faivre | 14 | 893 | 3 | 0 | Fair |
| Xherdan Shaqiri | 18 | 685 | 2 | 3 | Below expectations |
| Tetê | 9 | 585 | 2 | 5 | Fair |
Marseille (10 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| William Saliba | 37 | 3240 | 0 | 0 | Good |
| Luan Peres | 36 | 2682 | 0 | 2 | Fair |
| Pau López | 36 | 2610 | 0 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Gerson | 36 | 2552 | 9 | 4 | Excellent |
| Cengiz Ünder | 33 | 2206 | 10 | 2 | Excellent |
| Amine Harit | 30 | 1168 | 4 | 4 | Fair |
| Konrad de la Fuente | 20 | 786 | 0 | 2 | Below expectations |
| Sead Kolašinac | 17 | 446 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Cédric Bakambu | 15 | 367 | 4 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Salim Ben Seghir | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Metz (10 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Nicolas de Préville | 27 | 1978 | 5 | 2 | Excellent |
| Jemerson | 21 | 1207 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Fali Candé | 11 | 975 | 0 | 2 | Fair |
| Ibrahim Amadou | 11 | 814 | 1 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Jean-Armel Kana-Biyik | 11 | 665 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Sikou Niakaté | 26 | 665 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Didier Lamkel Zé | 9 | 609 | 3 | 0 | Fair |
| Amine Bassi | 18 | 183 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Sofiane Alakouch | 17 | 159 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Lenny Joseph | 20 | 154 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Monaco (5 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Alexander Nübel | 38 | 3420 | 0 | 0 | Good |
| Jean Lucas | 38 | 1456 | 1 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Ismail Jakobs | 36 | 1191 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Vanderson | 17 | 1122 | 2 | 1 | Good |
| Myron Boadu | 32 | 946 | 4 | 1 | Fair |
Montpellier (6 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Mamadou Sakho | 29 | 2578 | 0 | 0 | Good |
| Valère Germain | 34 | 1977 | 4 | 3 | Good |
| Thuler | 32 | 855 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Leo Leroy | 37 | 659 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Nicholas Selson Gioacchini | 33 | 512 | 0 | 2 | Below expectations |
| Rémy Cabella | 5 | 313 | 0 | 0 | Fair |
Nantes (4 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Wylan Cyprien | 29 | 1501 | 2 | 3 | Fair |
| Osman Bukari | 33 | 1020 | 2 | 4 | Below expectations |
| Willem Geubbels | 28 | 546 | 2 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Rémy Descamps | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Nice (8 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Pablo Rosario | 36 | 2736 | 0 | 2 | Good |
| Melvin Bard | 35 | 2591 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Andy Delort | 32 | 2447 | 16 | 2 | Excellent |
| Mario Lemina | 33 | 1982 | 2 | 0 | Good |
| Justin Kluivert | 29 | 1882 | 4 | 5 | Good |
| Calvin Stengs | 32 | 1081 | 1 | 1 | Did not deliver |
| Jordan Amavi | 13 | 420 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Marcin Bułka * | 38 | 90 | 0 | 0 | Investment |
Paris Saint Germain (6 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Achraf Hakimi | 32 | 2490 | 4 | 6 | Excellent |
| Lionel Messi | 26 | 2152 | 6 | 13 | Excellent |
| Nuno Mendes | 33 | 1670 | 0 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Georginio Wijnaldum | 34 | 1660 | 1 | 3 | Fair |
| Gianluigi Donnarumma | 32 | 1530 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Sergio Ramos | 14 | 806 | 2 | 0 | Fair |
Reims (6 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Azor Matusiwa | 29 | 2468 | 1 | 1 | Good |
| Andrew Gravillon | 26 | 2141 | 0 | 0 | Fair |
| Maxime Busi | 19 | 1297 | 1 | 0 | Fair |
| Mitchell Van Bergen | 25 | 988 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Jens Cajuste | 8 | 363 | 2 | 0 | Fair |
| Nicolas Penneteau | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Rennes (6 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Gaëtan Laborde | 34 | 2739 | 12 | 8 | Excellent |
| Baptiste Santamaria | 35 | 2517 | 2 | 1 | Good |
| Lovro Majer | 29 | 1838 | 6 | 8 | Excellent |
| Birger Meling | 34 | 1829 | 0 | 4 | Fair |
| Doğan Alemdar | 19 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Loïc Badé | 26 | 984 | 0 | 1 | Did not deliver |
Saint Etienne (6 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Paul Bernardoni | 20 | 1800 | 0 | 0 | Fair |
| Eliaquim Mangala | 14 | 1183 | 1 | 0 | Fair |
| Sada Thioub | 19 | 953 | 0 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Falaye Sacko | 10 | 721 | 0 | 0 | Fair |
| Enzo Crivelli | 6 | 151 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Juan Ignacio Ramírez | 12 | 123 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
Stade Brestois 29 (7 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Marco Bizot | 38 | 3420 | 0 | 1 | Good |
| Lucien Agoumé | 31 | 1869 | 0 | 0 | Below expectations |
| Romain Del Castillo | 23 | 983 | 0 | 6 | Fair |
| Jere Uronen | 32 | 890 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Youssef Belaïli | 14 | 833 | 3 | 2 | Fair |
| Youssouph Badji | 17 | 148 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |
| Grégoire Coudert * | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Investment |
Strasbourg (5 signings)
| Player | Matches | Minutes | Goals | Assists | Rating |
|---|
| Gerzino Nyamsi | 34 | 2983 | 0 | 2 | Good |
| Lucas Perrin | 35 | 2511 | 1 | 1 | Fair |
| Kévin Gameiro | 35 | 2396 | 11 | 3 | Excellent |
| Maxime Le Marchand | 16 | 862 | 1 | 1 | Below expectations |
| Karol Fila | 32 | 567 | 0 | 0 | Did not deliver |